来源：未知 时间：2023-06-09 10:09 作者：小飞侠 阅读:次
[导读] Gin 是一个用 Go 语言编写的 WEB 框架。它具有和 maritini 类似的 API 并拥有更好的性能， 感谢 httprouter 使它的速度提升了 40 倍。如果你需要性能和良好的生产力，你将会爱上 Gin 。 安装...
|
Gin 是一个用 Go 语言编写的 WEB 框架。它具有和 maritini 类似的 API 并拥有更好的性能， 感谢 httprouter 使它的速度提升了 40 倍。如果你需要性能和良好的生产力，你将会爱上 Gin 。
安装要安装 Gin 包，你需要安装 Go 并且设置好你的 Go 工作空间。
$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
import "net/http" 使用一个 vendor 工具，比如 Govendor
$ go get github.com/kardianos/govendor
$ mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/myusername/project && cd "$_"
$ govendor init $ govendor fetch github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.2
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/examples/master/basic/main.go > main.go
$ go run main.go 依赖现在 Gin 需要 Go 1.6 或更高版本，并且很快它将会需要 Go 1.7 。 快速开始# 假设下面代码在 example.go 文件中 $ cat example.go package main
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"message": "pong",
})
})
r.Run() // 在 0.0.0.0:8080 上监听并服务
}# 运行 example.go 并在浏览器上访问 0.0.0.0:8080/ping $ go run example.go BenchmarksGin 采用一个 HttpRouter 的自定义版本
Gin v1. stable
使用 jsoniter 构建Gin 使用 $ go build -tags=jsoniter . API 示例使用 GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONSfunc main() {
// 禁用控制台颜色
// gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// 使用默认中间件创建一个 gin 路由：
// 日志与恢复中间件（无崩溃）。
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someGet", getting)
router.POST("/somePost", posting)
router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
// 默认情况下，它使用：8080，除非定义了 PORT 环境变量。
router.Run()
// router.Run(":3000") 硬编码端口
}path 中的参数func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 这个处理器可以匹配 /user/john ， 但是它不会匹配 /user
router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
})
// 但是，这个可以匹配 /user/john 和 /user/john/send
// 如果没有其他的路由匹配 /user/john ， 它将重定向到 /user/john/
router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
action := c.Param("action")
message := name + " is " + action
c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}查询字符串参数func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 查询字符串参数使用现有的底层 request 对象解析。
// 请求响应匹配的 URL： /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
// 这个是 c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname") 的快捷方式。
lastname := c.Query("lastname")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}Multipart/Urlencoded 表单func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
message := c.PostForm("message")
nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"status": "posted",
"message": message,
"nick": nick,
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}其他示例： 查询字符串参数 + post 表单POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded name=manu&message=this_is_great func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
id := c.Query("id")
page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
name := c.PostForm("name")
message := c.PostForm("message")
fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great 上传文件单文件func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 为 multipart 表单设置一个较低的内存限制（默认是 32 MiB）
// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// 单文件
file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
log.Println(file.Filename)
// 上传文件到指定的 dst 。
// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}如何使用 curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \ -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \ -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" 多文件查看详细的 例子代码. func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 为 multipart 表单设置一个较低的内存限制（默认是 32 MiB）
// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// Multipart form
form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
files := form.File["upload[]"]
for _, file := range files {
log.Println(file.Filename)
// 上传文件到指定的 dst.
// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
}
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}如何使用 curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \ -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \ -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \ -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" 组路由func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 简单组： v1
v1 := router.Group("/v1")
{
v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
// 简单组： v2
v2 := router.Group("/v2")
{
v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
router.Run(":8080")
}默认的没有中间件的空白 GinUse r := gin.New() 代替 // Default 已经连接了 Logger 和 Recovery 中间件 r := gin.Default() 自定义中间件func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
return func(c *gin.Context) {
t := time.Now()
// 设置 example 变量
c.Set("example", "12345")
// 请求前
c.Next()
// 请求后
latency := time.Since(t)
log.Print(latency)
// 获取发送的 status
status := c.Writer.Status()
log.Println(status)
}
}
func main() {
r := gin.New()
r.Use(Logger())
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
// 打印："12345"
log.Println(example)
})
// 监听并在 0.0.0.0:8080 上启动服务
r.Run(":8080")
}gin-api中文文档大全安装要安装 Gin 包，您需要先安装 Go 并设置 Go 工作区。
$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
import "net/http" 快速入门# assume the following codes in example.go file
$ cat example.go
package main
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"message": "pong",
})
})
r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 (for windows "localhost:8080")
}
# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping (for windows "localhost:8080/ping") on browser
$ go run example.go使用jsoniter 构建Gin 用作默认 json 包，但您可以通过从其他标记生成更改为 jsoniter。 $ go build -tags=jsoniter . API 示例您可以在Gin示例存储库中找到许多现成的示例。 快速构建RESTful风格接口
func main() {
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someGet", getting)
router.POST("/somePost", posting)
router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
// By default it serves on :8080 unless a
// PORT environment variable was defined.
router.Run()
// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}请求路径中的参数func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
})
// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
action := c.Param("action")
message := name + " is " + action
c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
})
// For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
})
router.Run(":8080")
}查询字符串参数func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
// The request responds to a url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}Multipart/Urlencoded 表单func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
message := c.PostForm("message")
nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"status": "posted",
"message": message,
"nick": nick,
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}query 和 post 表单POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
name=manu&message=this_is_great
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
id := c.Query("id")
page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
name := c.PostForm("name")
message := c.PostForm("message")
fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_greatMap as querystring or postform parametersPOST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
names := c.PostFormMap("names")
fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou] 文件上传单文件
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 设置允许上传文件的大小,默认是32M
router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8请求示例: curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload -F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" 多文件上传详细示例 : example code. func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8请求示例: curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" -F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data" 路由组func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Simple group: v1
v1 := router.Group("/v1")
{
v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
// Simple group: v2
v2 := router.Group("/v2")
{
v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
router.Run(":8080")
}使用无默认中间件的gin框架使用如下: r := gin.New() 而不是 // 已经附加了日志记录器和恢复中间件 r := gin.Default() 使用中间件func main() {
// Creates a router without any middleware by default
r := gin.New()
// Global middleware
// Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
r.Use(gin.Logger())
// Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
r.Use(gin.Recovery())
// Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
// Authorization group
// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
// exactly the same as:
authorized := r.Group("/")
// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
{
authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
// nested group
testing := authorized.Group("testing")
testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
}
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")自定义恢复中间件func main() {
// Creates a router without any middleware by default
r := gin.New()
// Global middleware
// Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even if you set with GIN_MODE=release.
// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
r.Use(gin.Logger())
// Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
r.Use(gin.CustomRecovery(func(c *gin.Context, recovered interface{}) {
if err, ok := recovered.(string); ok {
c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, fmt.Sprintf("error: %s", err))
}
c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
}))
r.GET("/panic", func(c *gin.Context) {
// panic with a string -- the custom middleware could save this to a database or report it to the user
panic("foo")
})
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "ohai")
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}写入日志文件func main() {
// Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// Logging to a file.
f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
// Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
// gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}自定义日志格式func main() {
router := gin.New()
// LoggerWithFormatter中间件将把日志写到gin.DefaultWriter
// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
// your custom format
return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] "%s %s %s %d %s "%s" %s"n",
param.ClientIP,
param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
param.Method,
param.Path,
param.Request.Proto,
param.StatusCode,
param.Latency,
param.Request.UserAgent(),
param.ErrorMessage,
)
}))
router.Use(gin.Recovery())
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}日志输出情况: ::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767µs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" " 控制日志输出颜色默认情况下，控制台上的日志输出应根据检测到的 TTY 着色。 不需要日志颜色 func main() {
// Disable log's color
gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}使用日志不同颜色 func main() {
// Force log's color
gin.ForceConsoleColor()
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}模型绑定和验证若要将请求正文绑定到类型，请使用模型绑定。我们目前支持 JSON、XML、YAML 和标准表单值（foo=bar&boobaz）的绑定 Gin 使用 go-playground/validator/v10 进行验证.在此处查看标签使用情况的完整文档。 请注意，您需要在要绑定的所有字段上设置相应的绑定标记。例如，从 JSON 绑定时，设置 。 此外，gin提供了两组绑定方法：
// Binding from JSON
type Login struct {
User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`
Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
var json Login
if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding XML (
//
//
// user
// 123
// )
router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
var xml Login
if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
var form Login
// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}**请求示例 : ** $ curl -v -X POST
http://localhost:8080/loginJSON
-H 'content-type: application/json'
-d '{ "user": "manu" }'
> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:8080
> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
> Accept: */*
> content-type: application/json
> Content-Length: 18
>
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes跳过验证 使用上述的 自定义验证器也可以注册自定义验证器。请参阅 example code. package main
import (
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
"github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)
// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}
var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool {
date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time)
if ok {
today := time.Now()
if today.After(date) {
return false
}
}
return true
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
}
route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
var b Booking
if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
}
}$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-04-16&check_out=2030-04-17"
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2030-03-10&check_out=2030-03-09"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckOut' Error:Field validation for 'CheckOut' failed on the 'gtfield' tag"}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2000-03-09&check_out=2000-03-10"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}%也可以这样注册 结构级验证。有关详细信息 请参阅结构-lvl 验证示例。 仅绑定查询字符串
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.Any("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
}
c.String(200, "Success")
}绑定 Query String 或者 Post DataSee the detail information. package main
import (
"log"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`
UnixTime time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.GET("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
// If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48
if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
log.Println(person.Birthday)
log.Println(person.CreateTime)
log.Println(person.UnixTime)
}
c.String(200, "Success")
}测试它： $ curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033" 绑定Uri请参阅详细信息。 package main
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
type Person struct {
ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
c.JSON(400, gin.H{"msg": err})
return
}
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
})
route.Run(":8088")
}测试： $ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3 $ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid 绑定请求头package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type testHeader struct {
Rate int `header:"Rate"`
Domain string `header:"Domain"`
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
h := testHeader{}
if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {
c.JSON(200, err)
}
fmt.Printf("%#vn", h)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})
})
r.Run()
// client
// curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" 127.0.0.1:8080/
// output
// {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}
}绑定 HTML 复选框查看详细信息 main.go ...
type myForm struct {
Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
}
...
func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
var fakeForm myForm
c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
}
...form. html Check some colorsRedGreenBlue 结果： {"color":["red","green","blue"]}Multipart/Urlencoded bindingtype ProfileForm struct {
Name string `form:"name" binding:"required"`
Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
// or for multiple files
// Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {
// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
// or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
var form ProfileForm
// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")
return
}
err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)
if err != nil {
c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")
return
}
// db.Save(&form)
c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}测试： $ curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile XML、JSON、YAML 和 ProtoBuf 渲染func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
// You also can use a struct
var msg struct {
Name string `json:"user"`
Message string
Number int
}
msg.Name = "Lena"
msg.Message = "hey"
msg.Number = 123
// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
})
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
label := "test"
// The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
data := &protoexample.Test{
Label: &label,
Reps: reps,
}
// Note that data becomes binary data in the response
// Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}SecureJson使用 SecureJSON 防止 json 劫持。如果给定结构是数组值，则默认预结束到响应正文。 func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// You can also use your own secure json prefix
// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',n")
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
// Will output : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}Jsonp使用 JSONP 从不同域中的服务器请求数据。如果查询参数回调存在，请将回调添加到响应正文。 func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
data := gin.H{
"foo": "bar",
}
//callback is x
// Will output : x({"foo":"bar"})
c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
// client
// curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/JSONP?callback=x
}AsciiJSON使用 AsciiJSON 生成具有转义的非 ASCII 字符的仅 ASCII JSON。 PureJSON通常，JSON用它们的unicode实体替换特殊的HTML字符, e.g. func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Serves unicode entities
r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"html": "Hello, world!",
})
})
// Serves literal characters
r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.PureJSON(200, gin.H{
"html": "Hello, world!",
})
})
// listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}静态文件服务func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}通过文件提供服务func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/local/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.File("local/file.go")
})
var fs http.FileSystem = // ...
router.GET("/fs/file", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.FileFromFS("fs/file.go", fs)
})
}从reader中读取数据func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
return
}
reader := response.Body
defer reader.Close()
contentLength := response.ContentLength
contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
extraHeaders := map[string]string{
"Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
}
c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}HTML渲染Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles() func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Main website",
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}templates/index.tmpl {{ .title }}在不同目录中使用相同名称的模板 func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Posts",
})
})
router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Users",
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}templates/posts/index.tmpl {{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}{{ .title }}Using posts/index.tmpl{{ end }}templates/users/index.tmpl {{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}{{ .title }}Using users/index.tmpl{{ end }}自定义模板渲染You can also use your own html template render import "html/template"
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
router.Run(":8080")
}自定义模板界定符You may use custom delims r := gin.Default()
r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")自定义模板函数See the detail example code. main.go import (
"fmt"
"html/template"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
year, month, day := t.Date()
return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
"formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
})
router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{
"now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}原始. tmpl Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}结果： Date: 2017/07/01 多模板默认情况下，gin只允许使用一个 html。模板。检查多模板渲染使用go 1.6 等功能。 重定向发布 HTTP 重定向非常简单。支持内部和外部位置。 r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})从 POST 发出 HTTP 重定向。请参阅问题： #444 r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo")
})发出路由器重定向，请如下用。 r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
r.HandleContext(c)
})
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
})自定义中间件func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
return func(c *gin.Context) {
t := time.Now()
// Set example variable
c.Set("example", "12345")
// before request
c.Next()
// after request
latency := time.Since(t)
log.Print(latency)
// access the status we are sending
status := c.Writer.Status()
log.Println(status)
}
}
func main() {
r := gin.New()
r.Use(Logger())
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
// it would print: "12345"
log.Println(example)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}使用 BasicAuth() 中间件// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
"foo": "bar",
"austin": "1234",
"lena": "hello2",
"manu": "4321",
}))
// /admin/secrets endpoint
// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
// get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
}
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}中间件里有Goroutines当在中间件或处理程序中启动新的Goroutines时, SHOULD NOT 使用原始的上下文, 你必须使用只读副本。 func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
cCp := c.Copy()
go func() {
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
// note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
}()
})
r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}自定义 HTTP 配置文件Use directly, like this: func main() {
router := gin.Default()
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}或者 func main() {
router := gin.Default()
s := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router,
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
MaxHeaderBytes: 1支持Let’s Encryptexample for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers. package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Ping handler
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
}自定义 autocert manager 示例。 package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Ping handler
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
m := autocert.Manager{
Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,
HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
}
log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
}gin运行多个服务See the question and try the following example: package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)
var (
g errgroup.Group
)
func router01() http.Handler {
e := gin.New()
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(
http.StatusOK,
gin.H{
"code": http.StatusOK,
"error": "Welcome server 01",
},
)
})
return e
}
func router02() http.Handler {
e := gin.New()
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(
http.StatusOK,
gin.H{
"code": http.StatusOK,
"error": "Welcome server 02",
},
)
})
return e
}
func main() {
server01 := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router01(),
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
}
server02 := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8081",
Handler: router02(),
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
}
g.Go(func() error {
err := server01.ListenAndServe()
if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
log.Fatal(err)
}
return err
})
g.Go(func() error {
err := server02.ListenAndServe()
if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
log.Fatal(err)
}
return err
})
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}正常关闭或重新启动有几种方法可用于执行正常关机或重新启动。您可以使用专门为该第三方包构建的第三方包，也可以手动使用内置包中的函数和方法执行相同的操作。 第三方软件包我们可以使用 fvbock/endless 用替换默认的。有关详细信息，请参阅#296问题。 router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", handler)
// [...]
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)选择：
手动如果使用 Go 1.8 或更旧版本，则可能不需要使用这些库。请考虑使用 // +build go1.8
package main
import (
"context"
"log"
"net/http"
"os"
"os/signal"
"syscall"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
})
srv := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router,
}
// Initializing the server in a goroutine so that
// it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below
go func() {
if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
log.Fatalf("listen: %sn", err)
}
}()
// Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
// a timeout of 5 seconds.
quit := make(chan os.Signal)
// kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM
// kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT
// kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be catch, so don't need add it
signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)使用模板构建单个二进制文件You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using go-assets. func main() {
r := gin.New()
t, err := loadTemplate()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
r.SetHTMLTemplate(t)
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil)
})
r.Run(":8080")
}
// loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder
func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {
t := template.New("")
for name, file := range Assets.Files {
defer file.Close()
if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") {
continue
}
h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
return t, nil
}See a complete example in the 绑定 form-data request with custom structThe follow example using custom struct: type StructA struct {
FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
}
type StructB struct {
NestedStruct StructA
FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
}
type StructC struct {
NestedStructPointer *StructA
FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
}
type StructD struct {
NestedAnonyStruct struct {
FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
}
FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
}
func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructB
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"a": b.NestedStruct,
"b": b.FieldB,
})
}
func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructC
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"a": b.NestedStructPointer,
"c": b.FieldC,
})
}
func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructD
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
"d": b.FieldD,
})
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
r.Run()
}通过curl测试 $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}尝试将Body绑定到不同的结构中绑定请求正文的正常方法使用，不能多次调用它们。 type formA struct {
Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
}
type formB struct {
Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
}
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
objA := formA{}
objB := formB{}
// This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
// Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
} else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
} else {
...
}
}为此，你可以使用 func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
objA := formA{}
objB := formB{}
// This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
// At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
} else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
// And it can accepts other formats
} else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
} else {
...
}
}
http2 服务器推送http.Pusher 仅支持go1.8+。有关详细信息，请参阅 golang博客。 package main
import (
"html/template"
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`Https TestWelcome, Ginner!`))
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
// use pusher.Push() to do server push
if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
}
}
c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{
"status": "success",
})
})
// Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
}为路由日志定义格式路由的默认日志为： [GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers) [GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers) [GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers) 如果要以给定格式记录此信息（例如 JSON、键值或其他内容），可以使用 定义此格式。在下面的示例中，我们使用标准日志包记录所有路由，但您可以使用其他符合您需求的日志工具。 import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %vn", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
}
r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
})
r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
})
r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
})
// Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run()
}设置并获取cookieimport (
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
if err != nil {
cookie = "NotSet"
c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
}
fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s n", cookie)
})
router.Run()
}测试该包是 HTTP 测试的更可取的方式。 package main
func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
return r
}
func main() {
r := setupRouter()
r.Run(":8080")
}测试上述代码示例： package main
import (
"net/http"
"net/http/httptest"
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
router := setupRouter()
w := httptest.NewRecorder()
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil)
router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
}
|
自学PHP网专注网站建设学习,PHP程序学习,平面设计学习，以及操作系统学习
京ICP备14009008号-1@版权所有www.zixuephp.com
网站声明：本站所有视频，教程都由网友上传，站长收集和分享给大家学习使用，如由牵扯版权问题请联系站长邮箱904561283@qq.com
